Arousal, Behavior, Stress, and Affect Worksheet Essay

What are the differences between physiological and psychological needs? Provide examples of each in your response. Need theories postulate that motivation is rooted on the fulfillment of once needs. Therefore, one acts and behaves in order to satisfy a need, there are many kinds and types of needs that several theorists have expounded along the years. One of the most popular need theories on motivation is that of Abraham Maslow. The hierarchy of needs differentiates between physiological and psychological needs. Physiological needs are those basic needs that must be met for survival of the individual like food, shelter, clothing and sex. Physiological needs also have to be immediately satisfied as it is crucial for the existence and stability of the human body. For example, if a person is hungry then all other functions may be affected and it would cause the person to be dizzy, to feel weak and be unable to work on tasks or even to exist. Psychological needs are needs that are basically psychological nature and those that contribute to the well-being of the individual. For example, need for belongingness is a construct that enables us to quantify the need of people for building relationships and being part of a group or family. Psychological needs can be satisfied immediately or it can be delayed, however a person’s sense of well-being and happiness is often associated with the fulfillment of psychological needs. Moreover, according to Maslow, psychological needs have to be satisfied in order, some needs are higher than others and it motivates people to fulfill the said needs incrementally, for example they can only begin to think about self-actualization if the individual has not been able to attain esteem needs such as the mastery of one’s profession. What is the relationship between arousal and behavior? Does this relationship impact performance and affect? A person’s behavior is said to be driven by a stimulus that is a person is aroused to act in response to the stimulus that aroused the behavior. Arousal is the state in which a person or organism is prepared for action. The brain signals the specific organs in the body to react to the stimulus, if the arousal is weak then the response may also be weak. In other cases, if the arousal is strong, then the reaction may also be strong. However, there are cases when prolonged arousal is detrimental to the body as it may result to heightened arousal which results to chronic stress. Behavior is the actions that an individual manifests in response to a stimulus. One’s behavior depends on the stimulus and the state of arousal of the individual. The relationship between arousal and behavior also affects performance and affect. For example, the level of performance of the individual can be increased by the state of arousal in the person. Arousal may come from several sources like the promise of reward or even punishment. At the same time, the individual’s performance may also become decreased because the person is not motivated which may translate to lower arousal state. Affect is also contingent on behavior and arousal. If the person likes what he/she is doing it would then motivate him/her to perform better. When a person desires the behavior and finds it meaningful and important, then that person would have positive feelings for that behavior and hence increase performance. On the other hand, if the person has negative feelings about the behavior then performance would also be affected. What are the long-term and short-term effects of stress on the body, brain, and behavior?   Stress is both a good and bad thing for the body, brain and behavior of man. Stress motivates the person to act and behave in ways that would lessen or eradicate the stress. Stress may come from an event, a person, a situation or even from a personal problem. Stress affects the individual by motivating them to act or confront the behavior but it is also possible that people would evade the stressor as a means of coping with stress. Short-term effects of stress are beneficial to the body but long-term stress is not.   Prolonged stress has many physiological effects; stress may bring the body heightened arousal which is manifested by increased heart rate, sweating, sleeplessness, nervousness and the like. The body can only take too much stress, and if the body is subjected to too much stress it may result to fatigue, sickness and certain illnesses such as cardiovascular diseases and the like. Stress can also wreak havoc to the person’s brain that is too much stress has been found to be the cause of post traumatic stress disorder which is a mental disorder and can lead to psychotic breaks. Due to very stressful situations or experiences that may result to trauma, the brain reacts to the stress to lessen it and hence tricks the brain into remembering only those events that are safe and provided a sense of security for the person. Prolonged stress can also cause behavioral symptoms such as erratic behavior, irrational thinking and low frustration tolerance. The natural response of the body to stress is to take control of it, but sometimes stress may be too much for the body. Reference   Weinberg, R. S. & Gould, D. (2007). Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology 4th ed. Champaign, IL: Humans Kinetics.

Effect of imperialism

Imperialism is when a mother nation takes over another nation and become its colony for political, social, and economical reasons. Imperialism is a progressive force for both the oppressors (mother country) and the oppressed (colony), majorly occurring during the late 19th and early 20th century. It had more negative effects than positive effects due to its domination to other nations. Documents 1 and 5 show how imperialism should work over politics and their benefits over the colonies while documents 2 and 7 show some beneficial effects of imperialism for the colonies.Documents 3, 8, 10, and 12 are different from the other documents in that they show the unfair way that the Englishmen treated their colonies, which can be described as one of the negative effects of imperialism. Documents 4 and 6 demonstrate how racist the â€Å"white men† were to their colonies, leading to another negative effect. And last, documents 9 and 11 explain why a nation must be controlled by another nation. And additional document that show the negative effects of imperialism of how the mother country exploited the colonies would be an article about why the Taiping rebellion occurred and the causes of the Boxer rebellion.Imperialism had some positive effects regardless of how strict and unfair it was. Some positive effects can be seen in documents 2 and 7, which talks about what the mother nation gave to their colonized nations. These oppressors built them roads, canals, railways, and gave them education. They also introduced to them telegraphs, newspapers, and overall made them economized. Another positive effect can be read on documents 1 and 5.These documents show how both the oppressors and oppressed benefit from getting new resources such as raw materials and food from one another, excluding what is said on document 1 about the white man’s rule over the â€Å"inferior races†. Imperialism experience negative effects too. As for the negative effects, some can b e read on documents 3, 8, 10, and 12. As you can see, in these documents the oppressors’ hard work did not really civilized the oppressed, just as shown on document 3, instead, they were put to work as cheap labor, like shown on document 8 and 10.They were tricked by the mother country, they had no freedom, they were exploited and were taken advantage of, and they had to do just as told, just like as shown on document 12. On document 4, another negative effect is seen. In this quote, the author talks about how the whites came and killed the innocent, which later on had many negative effects on the people of Africa. Document 6 describes the â€Å"Britons racism† and power by saying that the white race from Britain is the finest and most honorable race the world possesses.The last negative effect is illustrated on documents 9 and 11, which share a common idea that a nation can only be colonized for their better good. This is a negative effect of imperialism because just as shown on document 11, if the U. S has the right to hold onto the Philippines, then they are just imitating the basis of imperialism and can lead to an outcome similar to the one shown on document 9 â€Å"the white man’s burden†. Imperialism can’t be considered as a good cause and effect because, at first it may be seen as a positive effect, but in the long run, just like in this case, it ends becoming more of a negative effect.All Africans and Asians were exploited and were given no rights to do anything even thought the mother countries gave them modern culture. Colonies would have to fight wars for independence and to have their own rules. The mother country just took over other nations just to get a few things, which unfortunately they did. They wanted raw materials, markets for goods, national glory, balance of power and they also felt as though they needed to help smaller nations like if it was their burden, which Europeans called it the â€Å"white man ’s burden†. Mother countries were destroying ethnic groups and causing civil wars between smaller nations.Modern imperialism can be described that is was never good. When a nation took over a smaller nation for economic, political, or social reason, they were imperialistic, creating the oppressors and oppressed system of the mother and colonized nations. As expected they changed the modern world plenty and pretty much made it a harder world to live during that time. It depends on a person’s point of view. Some may think it was positive overall, but it only led to things in this world that were negative. Even though modern imperialism occurred more than 100 years ago, it still affects us on how our nations were broken down.

Business Studies Easter Project Essay Example for Free

Business Studies Easter Project Essay As you probably already know Asda is one of the leading food superstores in Britain today. Asda is part of the Wal-Mart group however before this Asda was on its own. Asda has been part of the Wal-Mart retailers since 1999. Asda was formed in 1965 by a group of farmers from Yorkshire, today Asda has 245 stores, with 19 depots across the U.K. Asda’s aim is to sell its products 10-15% cheaper than its main competitors. Asda sells a variety of products including fresh food, grocery, clothing, home, leisure and entertainment goods. In my report I have gained my information form the Asda website and I also interviewed the store manager of the Asda store in Longsight. In my report I will discuss the following performance indicators: Labour Turnover, Labour Productivity, Absenteeism and the Morale of workers. Asda has recently been valued at being worth à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.3 billion, which includes all its assets. Anyway I think that it will be too complicated to discuss the performance indicators on such a large scale. This is why I am going to just concentrate on the performance of the Asda store in Longsight. When I asked Sue (the manager) if labour turnover was high, she replied by saying that it is an average level. (i.e. not too high and not too low). I then said to her that this must mean that staff must feel demotivated and therefore leave. She replied by saying that it was because they employed a lot of young students and this was the reason for a lot of people leaving because they couldn’t fit the shifts in with their work. I believe that this means that although labour turnover is high, it is not an extremely bad point. When we discussed the labour productivity of the workers, she said that the staff, work very hard in every department whether it is the deliveries, clothing, music or work on the checkout. Many products were sold in each department but obviously some were sold much more than others. The labour productivity really determines how many products are sold, as items are obviously not being produced at the store they are being sold there. She also mentioned that everyday there are at least 2 people who are around the store to just help customers or provide tasters of foods. I believe that this helps to increase productivity, because customers may feel more welcome and more sales may be made. I then asked what the turnover of the store was each day. Sue replied by saying that on the weekends they generally make more money and she said that last Saturday they had a turnover of approximately à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½500,000. I believe that this clearly shows that labour productivity is high at the Asda store in Longsight. I then went on to talk about absenteeism. Sue said that this was generally low without any notice, and that there were hardly any people who didn’t give notice when they were going to have a day off. But she also said that absenteeism was a good point because it gives workers a change because they can swap shifts with one another. I agree and believe absenteeism with notice is not so bad. Sue said the the morale of workers was generally high. She said that staff were paid at a time rate starting from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4.15 per hour. The following incentives could be motivating factors for the staff at Asda: Tell the team- putting your ideas across ABCD- A certificate for dedicated workers. Bonus payments- for reaching certain targets I believe that the following incentives will make workers feel motivated. This is because it makes the workers feel that they are being recognised and that there work is appreciated. It is not only the financial incentives that are important for motivation. It is also for example the certificate for working hard which could motivate. And even the fact that workers can put their ideas across, which may make them feel a real part of the company. There are some improvements that could be made to the performance indicators. Firstly as we know labour turnover at the Longsight store is at an average level as many workers are students. We can solve this problem by allowing the shifts to fit in with the workers education, by offering them certain shifts. And then there is the labour productivity which is already very high, so I believe that this should just be kept at a constant level. And workers should just continue with the good work. Absenteeism is a problem when the workers don’t come into work without any notice. To solve this problem I believe that managers should phone up absent workers to see where they are. And if they persist in not coming into work then this must mean that they feel demotivated, so managers should try to find out what the problem is. I know that the incentives that Asda offers are very good, but I generally believe that managers should talk to their staff a little more and just give them general assurance that they are doing the job in the right way and to show that their work is appreciated. I believe that as Asda is worth over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.3 billion this must mean that they are not going too wrong. And another fact that shows that Asda is doing well is that it was voted the best company to work for in the year 2000 by the Times Newspaper. And in 2001 it was also voted supermarket of the year. Business Studies Easter Project. (2017, Oct 12).

See the attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

See the attachment - Essay Example Or it could be said that it comprises of certain rules which we have to dutifully obey in order to live with a peaceful heart and soul. It is a complete system provided from some super human source totally unlike mankind. It is also the belief of sharing positive humanitarian experiences with every individual we interact with. So the basic ideology behind the concept of adopting any particular belief or religion for any normal person is to adjust ourselves harmoniously and also to achieve our own well-being by following any particular system of rules. Religion not only is the divine word from God, but it also is a definite set of persuasive ways for living life the way it is best suited for us humans. Science could best be understood in the words of Benjamin Farrington â€Å"Science is the system of behavior by which man has acquired mastery of his environment. It has its origins in techniques†¦.in various activities by which man keep body and soul together. Its source is exper ience, its aim practical, its only test, that it works.† (Grant). This essay is aimed at proving that science and religion are not conflicting with each other rather scientific findings and discoveries are supported in religion as well. History has seen many scholars debate and argue over the point that whether religion is in accordance with science or not. This issue heated up with the advent of prominent discoveries in the field of science and the relationship between the divine and the factuality was always considered at war. Andrew Dickson White’s â€Å"A History of the warfare of Science with theology in Chrishtendon† is an unavoidable example in this respect where he tried to lay the understanding of religion and science’s interaction. But his approach has been of a contradictory one. Immanuel Kant provided a completely different theory in this regard and believed that science and religion may no conflict but cater to opposite aspects of mankind. Sci ence is involved with natural processes while religion provides inner solace. Then only recently the relation between science and religion has gained some positive and substantial relation. The most important example in this regard would be of Stephen Jay Gould, who in his book â€Å"Rock of Ages: Science and Religion in the Fullness of Life† (1999) wrote â€Å"I†¦. do not understand why the two enterprises should experience any conflict. Science tries to document the factual character of the natural world and to develop theories that coordinate and explain these facts. Religion on the other hand, operates in the equally important, but utterly different realm of human purposes, meanings and values.† (Doumit) As this research based essay is an attempt to assess a particular religion with its relevance to the modern contemporary era of scientific researches and technology. It becomes integral to select some particular divine system for advancing in this research. Th ere is one little complication though which arose in my mind, that the selected religious system should be involving every particular aspect of normal daily human and social life. Only then a complete analysis can be made and a conclusion could be reached. So, after studying many different religious beliefs being adopted worldwide it is the Islamic system for humanity which I could find the closest to meet my research demands. The world Islam originated from Arabic word â€Å"

Countries and Climate Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Countries and Climate Change - Essay Example Within the country, there are cultural and linguistic variations in different regions, but however, because of its high population, the culture is relatively uniform. The climate in china varies from region to region because the country is very large. The key biophysical climatic change impacts on the country’s environment are the rising sea levels, increase in natural disasters and biodiversity loss (Bloom, 2010). At the northeast side of the country, the summers are hot and dry and the winters are freezing cold. On the other hand, the north and the central regions have recurrent bouts of rainfall together with hot summers and cold winters. In the southeast there is abundance of rainfall (Harris, 2011). China rainfall in the Himalayan Mountains and the Tibetan Plateau as a result of monsoon winds that blow north from the Indian Ocean, semi-tropical summers and cool winters. Flooding can occur in the central, southern and western regions and the country in common experience earthquakes. Although countries across the globe are facing environmental challenges that result from climate change, the case of china is more different due to her culture that has seen her engage more in the production industry right from the advent of the greatest world civilization in the ancient times. Indeed, in the history of the world’s civilization, China consolidated the global power and dominance and was considered the world’s leading in innovations that gave the whole world its backbone in industrial development (Li, 2014). As a result of her knowledgeable and better political, economic, hypothetical, artistic and scientific technology, climate change has been influenced due to the corrosion of ecosystem and natural environment. These activities have led to the increase in the variability in the rainfall patterns that affects the supply of fresh water; more frequently floods have been experienced coupled with heightened risk of water-borne diseases that have

Introduction to the Home Health Agency Role Essay

Introduction to the Home Health Agency Role - Essay Example Most skills trainings for HHAs are taught by other healthcare professionals, and they usually learned on the job. Generally, their trainings are molded around the unique needs of the patient. Depending on the level of complication of the client’s illness, the HHAs trainings could be done in a few hours to a few days. For more complex cases, some employers provide training classes, which the aspiring HHA has to pass before they are given a job. There is no license for HHAs, but there are some employers who would rather hire certified HHAs. The certification process includes an examination and 75 hours of training and skills testing. Other requirements may include a background check of candidates, before enrolling them to a program, due to the high trust nature of the job. Sometimes, health screenings may be required to prevent patients from contracting diseases from their caregivers. 2.0 Purpose and Goals of Home Care Home care involves a wide scope of care for a wide variety o f patients outside the hospital setting. The services that home health care companies provide can range from nursing care, physical therapy, and even occupation therapy from qualified medical professionals to smaller services from home health aides. The care provided could be as simple as assistance in everyday activities, such as bathing and eating, to more complex services requiring more specialized professionals. Essentially, the purpose and goal of home care is to provide an adequate level of care usually achievable at the hospital, and bring it to the patient’s home. 3.0 Members of the Home Health Care Team (With Functions and Interaction) Physician. Physicians perform home visits to the patient at regular intervals wherein they assess the patient in an environment that he or she is more comfortable. They assess how the patient handles his or her illness at home. They also regularly check and make adjustments and interventions when necessary. There are two ways in which physicians can function in the home health care setting. First, they rely on the home health care nurse, as the leader, mediator, and coordinator of the group, leaving them to be the evaluator of the patient’s health, which is to be coordinated with the rest of the team by the nurse. Second, they are the one who will lead the team by taking a more active role in patient care. The mnemonic INHOMESSS enumerates the roles of the physician including immobility, nutrition, home environment, other home health care members, medications examination, safety, spiritual health, and services by home health agencies. Furthermore, at the patient’s home, physicians will be able to get a more in-depth assessment of aspects of the patient’s life that is not normally accessible from the hospital setting. Moreover, they can look for environmental factors found in the home that can affect the patient’s illness; they can see how the patient acts in a more comfortable setting than in a hospital, and they can assess the patient’s compliance with the therapeutic regimen including diet, exercise, and medications. From these observations, they can identify faults in the patient’s activities and make interventions to change them for the patient’s health. They can also assess the tasks of the health care team and change them to suit better with the therapeutic regimen, especially if they are the one functioning as a team leader and a coordinator. Nurse. Most of the care

Tourism in Madagascar Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Tourism in Madagascar - Term Paper Example People are not seeing Madagascar as a sustainable tourism spot. There lies the confusion. Ecotourism is defined as the travel to the destinations of the world where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are existent. They are the primary attractions for the tourists. They aim at minimizing the negative effects that are mostly caused due to traditional tourism on the natural environment (Butler, 2005). Sustainable tourism on the other hand focuses on bringing benefits to the local people, the environment and the economy. The concept of sustainable tourism has been slower in Madagascar, mainly due to the fact that people tour with an aim of seeing a natural environment (eco tourism). Madagascar's main originating market has been France. It is still unable to furnish products which are for sustainable tourism market, rather then just for ecotourism (Butler, 2005). Madagascar is located on the south-east coast of the African continent. Madagascar is the fourth largest island. It is larger than the States of California and Oregon. The island extends 100 miles in length and 360 miles in width. This democratic country lies in the Indian Ocean and is among the world's poorest countries. Madagascar, as being among the poorest countries, is mostly engaged in agriculture at a subsistence level. Citizens do not have options of choosing their desire career path. They have to dwell in whatever they have. They have to spend their life in whatever limited resources they can find. This poverty is causing crucial harm not only to the people living in Madagascar, but also to the endemic biodiversity of Madagascar. At present, the Madagascar's biodiversity need the presence of good tourist, tourist who will respect, care, and play a responsible role in saving the Madagascar's treasure of biodiversity. (Butler, 2005) If an individual is enthusiastic and looking for the unexpected, if one wants to meet an extraordinary people, then he or she must go and discover this fascinating island. That individual will certainly agree with the characterization made by world-explorer Dervla Murphy: "Apart from the Tibetans, I have never traveled among a people as endearing as the Malagasy." You will become attached to the country, verifying once more the Malagasy proverb: "They who drink the water from the Manangareza River always come back to Madagascar" (Mittermeier, 1988). Economy Madagascar is dominated by the agricultural sector. However with the establishment of a duty free export processing zone in 1990, there has been an increase in light manufacturing, particularly textile manufacturing and agricultural products processing (cf. Gossling and Jiddawi 2004). Despite the existence of natural tourist spots, biodiversities and cultural heritage, Madagascar is still among the poorest countries. The reasons

Do Children Benefit When Their Teacher Speaks Their Second Language Research Proposal

Do Children Benefit When Their Teacher Speaks Their Second Language - Research Proposal Example This report talks that biculturalism refers to a process wherein individuals learn to function in two distinct socio-cultural environments: their primary culture, and that of the dominant mainstream culture of the society in which they live. Setting these two worlds apart is their language. Language barriers not only hinder or slow down the learning process, it also inhibits the child’s socializing capabilities. There is a sense of alienation that sets in, inside the classroom that manifests in myriad ways, like aggression, extreme shyness and the eventual drop out situation. This essay makes a conclusion that teachers who understand and appreciate culturally different strengths and funds of knowledge are more likely to provide enriching and responsive learning environments that celebrate and capitalize on children’s cultural differences. As students themselves, most teachers were socialized in mainstream schools for at least 12 years and often attended teacher preparation programs grounded in the mainstream culture. Beginning the journey toward increased cultural competence requires teachers to rethink their assumptions and consider life’s issues through the lenses of people who come from cultural backgrounds different from their own. Teachers cannot hope to begin to understand who sits before them unless they can connect with the families and communities from which their children come. To do that it is vital that teachers and teacher educators explore their own beliefs and attitudes about non-white and non-middle-class people.

How the Evian conference allowed hitler to massacre the jews Research Paper

How the Evian conference allowed hitler to massacre the jews - Research Paper Example The urgency of the refugee problem was graphically portrayed in the case of four hundred refugees from Austria who drifted for several weeks on a barge in the Danube: â€Å"Although they were within sight of three frontiers, they could go back neither to the country from which they were driven out nor land at any foreign port. (They were) people without a country, human flotsam adrift on an international stream.†1It was evident that an unprecedented, immense humanitarian crisis faced the world. U.S. President F.D. Roosevelt called for an international conference to address the plight of refugees fleeing Nazi persecution. The resulting Intergovernmental Conference on Political Refugees was held in Evian-les-Bains in Southern France, opening on July 6, 1938. The Evian Conference’s preliminaries, the refusal of the participating nations to ease visa restrictions and the results are proof of the multi-national anti-Semitism which provided Hitler with complete impunity for a vision of a world free of the â€Å"Jewish Vermin.† The Conference’s preliminaries displayed the underlying anti-Semitism in world society. America suggested Switzerland as the venue but was turned down by the Swiss who feared German displeasure. The official participants of the Conference were Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, United Kingdom, Chile, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, Guatemala, Haiti, Ireland, Honduras, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Sweden, Switzerland, the USA, Uruguay and Venezuela. Poland and Romania attend unofficially, while South Africa was an observer.2 These nations agreed to participate only on the understanding that they would not be asked to increase their quota of refugees – they would only be called upon to offer solutions to the refugee problem. In the first instance, Great Britain and France collaborated to ensure that the mandate of the new body extended only to refugees from Germany and Austria, excluding any refugees from Rumania, Italy, Poland, Hungary and Spain.3 Again, at the very outset, Britain made it clear that any notion of large-scale settlement in Palestine would not be acceptable. This stand reflected the British policy of appeasement of the Arabs, in order to prevent uprisings against Jewish immigration. In fact, the British representative, Lord Winterton, deliberately avoided all references to Palestine in his opening address. Earlier, he had assured the British foreign office that â€Å"he and the British delegates would bear in mind the need to avoid provoking the Reich government.†4Australia held that Jews could not be culturally assimilated into their county and attended only to avoid international criticism. Canada attended the Conference with great reluctance, fearing being pressurized into admitting Jews. Canada’s anti-Semitic sentiment was amply demonstrated in the reply of a senior official to the question of how many Jews would be allowed into the country after WWII: â€Å"None would be too many.†5Switzerland sent its Police Chief, Dr. H. Rothmund, as its delegate, clearly conveying its intention of doing nothing for the Jews. In the words of a renowned journalist, â€Å"I doubt if much will be done.   The British, French and Americans seem too anxious not to do anything to offend Hitler.   It's an absurd situation.   They want to appease the man who was responsible for their problem.†

How And Why Do NGOs Attempt to Scale up Their Development Efforts Essay

How And Why Do NGOs Attempt to Scale up Their Development Efforts - Essay Example This report stresses that twentieth century globalization gave NGO’s a whole new lease because many problems arose that could not be solved within a nation. International treaties and organizations such as World Trade Organization were considered biased towards capitalist interests. NGOs lay emphasis on humanitarian issues, developmental aid and sustainable development which helped in counterbalancing the capitalist trend. A prominent example of this is the World Social Forum, a rival convention to the World Economic Forum held annually in Davos, Switzerland. The fifth World Social Forum in Porto Alagre, Brazil, in January 2005 was attended by representatives from more than 1,000 NGOs. This article makes a conclusion that in the era of information technology, individuals and organizations serving community interests are challenged to incorporate new skills and strategies to scale-up their impact in response to social challenges. In an increasingly interconnected and information-intensive environment, strategically managing information and value systems is rapidly becoming as important as sound financial management to an organization's effectiveness and sustainability. A firm value system helps Visioning and valuation-facilitating the development of organization-wide commitment to enhanced communications and Communications planning to construct innovative and appropriate organizational strategies which aids in Fostering internal and external networking.

Cause and Effect Essay Example for Free

Cause and Effect Essay Many people in the world struggle to achieve their goals in life. And the word â€Å"struggle† differs for each individual. Some have to sacrifice their personal property whereas some have to live away from their family and home. It is tough to adjust a new lifestyle in a completely different place and that too all alone. One has to be very strong and have to start taking care of everything on his own. And the effects of living in a foreign country would prove to be on a positive note. It makes an individual independent. Living away from your country can be a really interesting and unforgettable experience, but at the same time it has very important effects on ones life. There are people who like to have privacy and like to be in their own world, but there are also people who dislike living alone and they always want someone with them. So these kind of people may find it very difficult to adjust and enjoy their own company. The major effect, and also a very common one, is that once you start a regular life away from home, you miss everything. This fact doesnt mean that you are unhappy but that you are aware of being on your own. Missing your family and the attention they all paid to you is a very usual thing to do. Little details like sitting on a Sunday morning watching TV alone instead of helping your dad organizing his things or having a nice chat with your mom makes you realize how valuable your family really is. It is also completely acceptable to miss all the facilities you used to have back at home, like your house, your car, your bed, and your bathroom. Its obvious then that you have started to appreciate everything you had back where you belong. The second main effect would be learning how to accept another type of society and culture into your daily life. Since you are living in a place with different customs and traditions from yours, you have to be able to develop yourself in unknown conditions. This means making new friends, learning other points of view, accepting different opinions and values, and seizing every opportunity you have to go to new places. Therefore, youll be able to achieve true knowledge. Suggesting to change your mind totally or to be square minded would be foolish; the best thing to do would be to stick to your most important values and, according to them, change those that you believe could be improved. The most significant effect of living away from home is the independent behavior that grows inside of you. Living on your own far from your family gives you a lot of experiences toward organizing your life. Since it is up to you and no one else to go to school, clean your room, wash your clothes, and organize your expenses, it is predictable that you will have a good and strong meaning of responsibility. Being independent and responsible will help you get through life every goal you want to achieve. Living far from home, even for a short period of time, can be really hard at the beginning. We have to remember that all changes are difficult, but they are necessary to go through them to build character. Most important of all, it helps us appreciate everything we have. Not realizing how lucky we are can be a really bad mistake because things dont last forever and we have to make the best out of them. References Words of Wisdom, LLC, English Composition, Editorial Board, 2011, Edition 1.

Iraq and Palestine Essay Example for Free

Iraq and Palestine Essay Since 2003, after the four devastating years of Iraq invasion, Bill Moyers’ journal on â€Å"Buying the War† stabbed to grasp the mainstream US media held responsible for its connivance in advertising the ‘war on Iraq’ to the public of US. Moyers recognized how the US media, with the main role of ‘The New York Times’, yielded to fiscal and political stress, gave ways to an environment of nationalism and trepidation of terrorism, and naively reported bogus US government assertions. Sadly, despite all the terrible results of 60 years of Israelis bullying the Palestinians, there is still no major movement to grab the US mainstream media held answerable for an equivalent, incredible failure in covering Israelis and Palestinians conflict and for its involvement in the U. S. naive backing for Israel. Moyers’ study of the US media breakdown on Iraq was costly, yet imperfect. He elucidated that to instigate the assault on Iraq â€Å"high officials†¦ needed a compliant press, to pass on their propaganda as news and cheer them on. our press largely surrendered its independence and skepticism to join with our government in marching to war. † Bob Simon of CBS put in plain words to Moyers that the U. S. administration used selling skills to put up war for sale: â€Å"Just repeat it and repeat it and repeat it†¦ Keep that drumming going. † Media columnist Norman Solomon informed Moyers that he thought these [news] managers were scared stiff of being called yielding on terrorism. Moyers gave many instances of ‘The New York Times’ conveying fake shrewdness on Iraq to the public of US. However, still Moyers stated that the now villainous ‘neoconservatives’ had long sought to change the Middle East, starting with the exclusion of Saddam Hussein, Moyers passed over a central reason for why the administration’s case for war echoed with both the US media as well as public. It was based in broadly-held typecasts about Arabs, Muslims and the Middle East, statements which are also necessary to realize US policy in Israel and Palestine. In his classic 1978 book â€Å"Orientalism†, Palestinian-American scholar Edward Sa’id asserted: The Western understanding of Arabs, Muslims and the Middle East is a product of colonialism, and that Westerners outlook the East as innately substandard and reliant on salvation. The US case for ‘war in Iraq’ hinged on orientalists statements that the Middle East was an undistinguished province of Arabs and Muslims who, lacking any history account or valid complaints, are overcome by an illogically aggressive nature as well as loathing of the West, Israel,’ freedom and democracy’ (Edward Sa’id 1978). Though Moyers didn’t, the neo-cons repeatedly sketched the relationship between Iraq and Israel, stating: â€Å"The way towards Jerusalem crosses Baghdad†. And in Israel, the other main settlement in â€Å"the war on terror,† chauvinistic philosophy and politically spoiled intelligence are also hard-pressed by the administration and gullibly reported by US media channels like ‘The New York Times’ – as, an April 11, 2007 Times news article by Isabel Kershner titled improvable assertions by Israel’s Shin Bet that it had disenchanted a huge Hamas suicide-bombing planned for Passover. The article mainly overlooked Palestinian rebuffs reported on the same day in the Israeli paper Ha’aretz Daily. The Shin Bet assertion appeared to value uncertainty considering the Palestinian refutations and Hamas’ verdict two years ago to stop the progress of sweeping attacks. Certainly, Hamas’ implication on such a huge-scale bombing plan would have approached at a fitting moment for Israel. Following the 16 months throughout which 27 Israelis were murdered by Palestinians, the lowest sum in over 6 years, Israel is thrashing about to stop the breakup of the global boycott of the Hamas-led Palestinian Authority and to see off continual peace proposals from the Palestinian Authority, Syria, Saudi Arabia and the Arab League. The Israeli administration has been feeding the media narratives saying that the calm is a trick, which Hamas is making use of it to support and prepare invasions and that Israel will then be enforced to rise a major attack of Gaza soon. The Times has published at least 4 other articles rumbling these Israeli administration claims since March 2007 .

Brief Of Company Of United Parcel Service Commerce Essay

Brief Of Company Of United Parcel Service Commerce Essay United Parcel Service, Inc. also known as UPS is a courier organisation which is the worlds largest package delivery service provider today. It was founded in 1907 by Jim Casey and their headquarters are based in Georgia, United States. The organisations operating activities include logistics, freight forwarding, mail packages and supply chain services. It delivers packages to more than 200 countries and domains worldwide. Reasons for selecting The organisations revenue escalated from US$36.6 billion (2004) to US$51.5 billion (2008). Therefore, they have been scaling a tremendous growth rate for several years. A comprehensive analytical study of UPS operations and its corporate strategic implications would enable me to have a firm grasp of globalisation initiatives. With an applied oriented approach, I would garner a more in-depth perspective of strategic management. Main strategic issues facing the company Regarding the integration of information technology, infrastructure and its package delivery operations. To adopt a holistic perspective in tackling information systems with implications at a National and International level. To leverage on its profit-margins by aggressive pricing to rivals and counter escalating overheads in its infrastructure and operating costs, UPS has had to axe 1800 employees. Companys contribution to the National Economy UPS achieved approximately US$38.63 billion in revenue from the U.S. market share (75%) in 2008. UPS contributed 0.36% to the United States GDP of US$14.2 trillion in 2008. The organisation holds a 61% (US$31.28 billion) market share in the U.S. domestic delivery package service. Companys contribution to the Regional Economy The organisation has achieved an award on environmental excellence for the conservation of energy and dealing with global warming issues emphasising on corporate social responsibilities. The organisation recently invested in its corporate branding by sponsoring the Beijing Olympic Games 2008 to gain a foothold in the Chinese market. Recent strategic dilemma The recent U.S. economic recession has sent fuel prices increasing therefore incurring high operating costs. Recent strategic choice The recent opening of a new air hub in Shanghai that provides the organisation with more value added capacities and greater efficiencies in developing business opportunities. UPS partnership with DHL by consenting to its rival to outsource their businesses to them generating revenue of US$1 billion annually across 10 years. Source of Information on Company http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/UPS http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile http://www.ups.com/content/sg/en/about/index.html (349 words) Executive Summary United Parcel Service, Inc is an American-based organisation that is a freight and logistics provider globally across 200 countries and domains employing approximately 426,000 employees. The courier service industry which deals with parcel deliveries is currently in the mid-maturity stage of the Industry life cycle. Critical success factors such as service reliability, efficiency and technological integration into its massive infrastructure are key aspects for a package company to achieve its successful reputation. A substantial amount of initial capital investment is essential for a courier organisation to operate its activities due to purchases and leasing fees of aircrafts, ships and vehicles. Rivalry among existing firms is high, due to a large number of competitors offering competitive low cost pricing strategies. Stakeholders such as governmental regulations and international legislative authorities in various countries have imposed stringent laws and policies in conducting its operating process and procedures. UPS attributes its success and sustainability in developing a robust technological infrastructure and consistently abiding to corporate social responsibility practices. However, the steep increased in volatile fuel prices and substantial operating costs have led to the organisations recent restructuring. The substantial allocation of the firms resources diverted into the Chinese and Indian market would elevate the brand equity and turnovers of UPS. Therefore, it could geographically expand and further capitalise future growth out of the U.S. market dependency. Although UPS needs to address its short duration challenges by monitoring its cash flow activities, it has not compromised its spending in constructing new hub expansions globally in China, America and England primarily. The firms long term perspective has also focused on rectifying issues such as the improvement of delivery services to leverage on maintaining customer loyalty initiatives. The organizations ROI was 6.04% for 2008 which demonstrates that the firm was efficient in their management effectiveness. (298 words) Industry Life Cycle Courier Service Industry Industry Output Introduction Growth Maturity Decline o Time The courier industry has played a major role to facilitate the evolution of globalisation today. This sector has achieved tremendous growth revenues from the 1960s till 2003, before entering into the early maturity stage of the industry life cycle. The industry is looking at expansion opportunities, for example, setting up of new air hubs in other countries to leverage on its international branding. Some organisations have also gone onto diversification of its resources, for example additional services like warehousing and supply chain management solutions. With the implications of global market uncertainty thats happening throughout the world, it has made an impact on slow sales growths. In addition, escalating fuel prices and high operating costs like leasing fees have resulted on a decline or flat profit margin. Currently, I believe that this industry is at its mid- maturity stage of the life cycle. This industry has also experienced peak sales and their revenue is maintained or goes up slightly yearly. Large players in this industry have experienced low cost per customer due to economies of scale, for e.g. expanding their infrastructure and delivery operations on a wider scale in order to achieve lower costs and increased in output. The courier industry has existed for more than a century ago and there are many competitors in the market but some are recently exiting from this industry. The industry targets the mass market for e.g. household consumers, corporations and government agencies whereby all these segments require package deliveries for industrial growth. Price cuts policies are used to encourage customers to switch brand to cement its consistent revenues. There is low research and development needed because the industry has stabilised and systems and policies are already in place. Moreover, firms may result to cost reductions, e.g. axing of employees to reduce expenditure. Major firms might need to consider dropping a few subsidiaries and harvest the more profitable strategies and resources in order to sustain the business. Key Factors of Success Key Success Factors Weight United Parcel Service FedEx Deutsche Post DHL Rating Weighted Score Rating Weighted Score Rating Weighted Score 1 Corporate Branding 0.02 5.00 0.10 5.00 0.10 4.50 0.09 2 Technological Integration 0.10 5.00 0.50 4.50 0.45 4.50 0.45 3 Location Accessibility 0.14 5.00 0.70 4.50 0.63 4.00 0.56 4 Service Reliability 0.20 4.00 0.80 4.50 0.90 5.00 1.00 5 Low Operating Costs 0.15 4.50 0.68 4.00 0.60 3.50 0.53 6 Skills Expertise 0.17 5.00 0.85 4.50 0.77 4.50 0.77 7 Low Pricing Policies 0.03 4.50 0.14 4.50 0.14 5.00 0.15 8 Speed Efficiency 0.19 4.00 0.76 5.00 0.95 5.00 0.95 Total Scores 1.00 4.53 4.54 4.50 Trust, commitment, speed and efficiency are the most important factors to consider in this industry. Thats because customers using the service must rest assured that their packages arrive to their desired destinations on time and accurately to the appropriate address. Firms must deliver a high level of accountability and responsibility to their customers to uphold its reputation. That is why courier insurance policies offered to customers must be affordable and deliver value to ensure firms offers quality assurances. Pilots, drivers and shipmen have to acquire the appropriate expertise to be relied upon for safe deliveries to avoid damages and losses. Training and development programmes for operating aircrafts and vehicles are essential for smooth transit of packages and to ensure an accident-free dispatch. Hub location must also be conveniently and accessibly situated so that firms can deliver a faster and more responsive delivery at lower transportation time and costs. In this way, firms will achieve just-in-time (JIT) delivery system principle for storage costs to be kept at the lowest possible level. The advancement of information management systems integration leads to efficient operations to transact or track the progress of packages for customers and a more systematic process in handling business activities. Firms must also deliver low cost operations to achieve economies of scale by expansion for e.g. bulk purchases for their raw materials like cart boxes, papers, bubble bags and envelopes to attain a lower overall unit cost reduction. In addition, firms must also strategise affordable pricing policies to entice customers to use their services. Branding and advertising is crucial for a firm to defend its market share as this leads to awareness and quality emphasis for customers to develop brand positioning perceptions of various organisations. UPS has performed well by aggressively advertising its brand for e.g. sponsorship for the recent Beijing Olympics 2008 to leverage its recognition in the flourishing Chinese market. In addition, in terms of net income, UPS is the strongest in its financial stability (US$3 billion in 2008) but has to better its reliability, speed and customer service quality compared to its competitors. Porters Five Forces Potential Entrants High Initial Capital Outlay Loyal Customer Relationships Strong Brand Recognition International Legislations Economies of Scale Other Stakeholders Governmental Intervention Environmental Laws Labour Unions Shareholders Wealth Employee Demands Community Pressure (e.g. Terrorism Threats) Rivalry among Existing Firms Large Number of Competitors Pricing Competition Service Differentiation High Exit Barriers Mergers Acquisitions Substitutes E-mail Fax Services Customer Satisfaction Complex Unreliable Technologies Important Documents Secure Facility Suppliers Aircrafts (e.g. Boeing Airbus) Leasing Contractual Fees Logistic Vehicles Cargo Ships Manufacturers Fuel Prices Increments Airport Authorities Buyers Consumer Preferences Backward Integration (e.g. Vehicles) Service Reliability On-time Deliveries Low Switching Cost Discounts Incentives Rivalry among Existing Firms: (High) Theres a high rivalry among firms to compete in low pricing for players as the industry is very saturated. Firms globally offer similar courier services, but have to innovate and offer differentiation to provide an array of services for variety at low costs. Theres a high fixed costs because firms need to purchase vehicles, aircrafts, ships and infrastructure to facilitate its delivery operations. Therefore, theres high exit barrier as players who enter the business needs to purchase or lease fixed assets and employ workers in order to conduct their activities. Threat of New Entrants: (Low) Theres high barrier on entry to new entrants as competitors are aggressively protected of their market share. Furthermore, besides a high initial investment required, established major players have already developed multiple distribution channels. In addition, customers have already committed to their preferred firms for repetitive services due to branding and reliability. Stringent trade barriers, heightened tariffs and governmental regulations to obtaining courier licensing are difficult. Overcoming these factors takes a long time. Bargaining Power of Buyers: (High) The bargaining power of buyers is high because competitors provide undifferentiated services and large commercial firms may use courier providers to transport a massive volume of deliveries. Customers are spoilt for choices as they could conveniently compare various prices firms offer. Buyers may also choose to practice backward integration, for e.g. producing their own supply chain activities and delivery vehicles. In addition, firms offer discounts for high volume freight forwarding and which focuses on high customer retention. Threat of Substitutes: (Low) It is not possible to find a substitute for freight services to deliver packages as this is the only source. However, in terms of mail deliveries, substitution such as emailing and fax pose a threat as alternatives. While these technologies weaken revenues, they wont overwrite it entirely, as customers prefer manual deliveries for a safer medium. In addition, the complexity and substantial costs for its extensive network communication systems will not be able to replace the human element of guaranteed deliveries. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: (High) The bargaining power of vehicles, ships and aircraft manufacturers is high because courier providers require large fleet of vehicles and periodic maintenance. Manufacturers still has power to exercise their preferred choice of buyers from various industries or decide to raise their fees and prices for vehicles. Furthermore, the supplier for aircrafts affects the operating costs for the companies in terms of fuel consumption. Secondly, supplier dependency on vehicles (e.g. Ford) is vital as the organisation needs an extensive medium for an effective mode of logistics distribution. Relative Power of Other Stakeholders: (High) Environmental laws and regulations are enforced in the U.S. under the environmental protection agency (EPA) act whereby the absolute compliance of legislations regarding air pollution and waste materials must be minimised to protect its green environment. Secondly, employees who join unions add pressure to the industry whereby organisations may be prone to strikes and work stoppages because of a large workforce. In addition, shareholders have added pressure for the company to reduce its operating costs by forcing to lay off employees just to maintain its share prices. Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) Internal Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score Comments Strengths S1 Reputable Branding 0.10 4.80 0.48 Market Dominance S2 Broad Service Variety 0.05 4.50 0.23 Diversified Resources S3 Technology Expertise 0.10 4.70 0.47 E-commerce Competencies S4 Financial Growth 0.15 4.20 0.63 High Profit Margins Success S5 Merger Acquisition 0.08 4.00 0.32 Reduce Competitors Weaknesses W1 Low Employee Output 0.05 3.00 0.15 Low Productivity Revenue Per Employee W2 Domestic Market Dependency 0.12 3.50 0.42 High Reliance on U.S. Market W3 High Operating Costs 0.15 3.20 0.48 Increased in Fuel Prices Labour Costs W4 Poor Delivery Service 0.10 2.00 0.20 Slow Delivery Missing Parcels W5 High Reliance on Information Systems 0.10 2.50 0.25 Massive Database Information Processing Vulnerability Total Scores 1.00 3.63 Strengths: In 2008, the firm was listed in the top prong for the worlds most admired companies by the Reputation Institute. In terms of service variety, the firm offers customised denouements (e.g. UPS CampusShip) to enable employees across other countries to ship documents and parcels from any computer with internet access. UPS was the first company to allow delivery transactions online and provide technological tracking services. In 2008, UPS had an operating and net profit margin of 10.4% and 5.8% respectively, higher than its rivals. Lastly, UPS has made 52 acquisitions to date, and the most recent includes the acquiring of Korea Express (KEC) which accords UPS full authority of its partners operations. Weaknesses: In 2008, UPS revenue per personnel stood approximately at US$120,859.1 which was much lower than its rival FedEx at US$130,872.4. UPS is also highly dependent on the U.S. market for revenue and is susceptible to volatility of the economic and governmental unstable situations domestically. Thirdly, the rapid increase of fuel prices, (average fuel surcharge in 2008 on U.S air deliveries was 25.17% compared to 12.17% in 2007) has increased its operating costs forcing UPS to cut jobs at the same time heightening their packaging rates. UPS also needs to improve on its delivery service as it fairs below average compared to its rivals. In addition, the high reliance on its database information systems processing has made the firm susceptible to data omissions. External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS) External Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score Comments Opportunities O1 Geographical Expansions 0.15 4.20 0.63 Booming Chinese Market O2 Joint Ventures 0.12 4.30 0.52 Oil Gas Market O3 Online Retailing 0.08 4.00 0.32 E-commerce Trends O4 Growth in Globalisation 0.10 4.50 0.45 Import Export Sectors O5 Strategic Alliances 0.12 3.50 0.42 Booming Indian Market Threats T1 Governmental Regulations 0.06 3.90 0.23 Government Intervention T2 Labour Union Pressure 0.05 4.00 0.20 Strikes Work Stoppage T3 Foreign Currency Fluctuations 0.05 3.80 0.19 International Markets T4 Volatile Oil Prices 0.15 2.30 0.35 Increased Transport Cost T5 Terrorism Natural Disasters 0.12 1.90 0.23 Operations are Disrupted Total Scores 1.00 3.54 Opportunities: UPS formed a joint venture in Dubai to tap into growth opportunities in the oil and gas industry. The firm therefore acquired Unsped Paket Servisi San ve Ticaret A.S., in 2009. UPS has also penetrated the Chinese market by opening new air hubs in Shenzhen and Shanghai to focus on the air speed cargo sectors which is expected to grow at an average of 11.2% per year till 2020. UPS has been a main facilitator for online shopping, for e.g. Nike, Amazon.com and E-bay. The emphasis of international trade in todays world economy has impacted UPS to be a leading global courier provider. UPS has also formed strategic alliance with AFL Pte Ltd, India to leverage on the Indian market. Threats: The unions would affect UPS to provide undisrupted service to its customers if the firm does not satisfy demands of their employees. The transportation, aviation, security and environmental authorities have enforced stringent governmental laws and regulations for UPS to comply in the course of their operations to ensure systematic work ethics are practiced. In addition, currency exchange rates which fluctuate seasonally will implicate the organisations revenue. Furthermore, due to the oil embargo in 2008, it has led to the increase for oil prices. Finally, due to terrorism and natural disasters, its daily flight operations would be greatly affected. Strategic Factor Analysis Summary (SFAS) Duration I N T E R M E S D H I L O A O Strategic Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score R T N Comments T E G S1 Reputable Branding 0.12 4.80 0.58 X Market Dominance S4 Financial Growth 0.10 4.20 0.42 X X Escalated Revenues W2 Domestic Market Dependency 0.07 3.50 0.25 X X High Reliance on U.S. Market W3 High Operating Costs 0.10 3.20 0.32 X X High Fuel Prices Labour Costs O1 Geographical Expansions 0.16 4.20 0.67 X X Booming Chinese Market O2 Joint Ventures 0.15 4.30 0.65 X X Oil Gas Market T4 Volatile Oil Prices 0.12 2.30 0.28 X X High Transport Costs T5 Terrorism Natural Disasters 0.18 1.90 0.34 X Operations are Disrupted Total Scores 1.00 3.51 Short Term: UPS has to ensure that they can maintain financial stability and has done this by achieving an increase of 3.6% in revenue for 2008. UPS has to address issues on achieving yearly financial growth because it affects their annual reports and share prices. Secondly, UPS needs to address high oil prices and has cut labour costs by employing more part time contract workers to manage volume capacities on an ad hoc basis. In addition, UPS recently purchased hydraulic hybrid vehicles which emphasises on fuel reduction expenses. They have also discontinued its night sorting operations in Columbia, shutting down smaller facilities and froze management salaries. Intermediate Term: UPS and its union-Independent Pilots Association (IPA) have came up with a mutual agreement on cost reduction measures totaling up to approximately $131 million over the next 3 years. Secondly, UPS was awarded a 3 year partnership contract with the U.S. Postal Service by agreeing to transport mail nationally in U.S. cities. UPS would have to undertake an environmental scanning analysis in order to embark on geographical expansions and joint ventures. Furthermore, UPS needs to address the issue on human resource planning, demand forecasting that are useful in sales planning, production planning, capacity planning, budgeting and analysing various operating plans. Long Term: UPS has to address its branding strategy to build their reputation for public awareness. Therefore, it has done this by changing its 4th logo in 2003 to a more robust and distinctive image. UPS has also been moving out of the U.S. market by geographically expanding in China, India and the Middle East. The recent failed Nigerian terrorism plane attack has led to the U.S. authorities to impose heightened stringent checks and changing security procedures. In addition, the recent Haiti earthquake has led to disruptions in services and operations. UPS needs to address these factors which implicate the financial health of the organisation. TOWS Matrix Internal Factors (IFAS) External Factors (EFAS) WT Strategies Forward integrate a training college in-house Reduce more overnight flight operations across countries Petrol bulk discounts ST Strategies Seismic monitoring efficiencies to track down potential earthquakes Divest from unpredictable fuel market Financial stability and branding to combat rivals Threats (T) T1 Governmental Regulations T2 Labour Union Pressure T3 Foreign Currency Fluctuations T4 Volatile Oil Prices T5 Terrorism and Natural Disasters Opportunities (O) O1 Geographic Expansions O2 Joint Ventures O3 Online Retailing O4 Growth in Globalisation O5 Strategic Alliances SO Strategies Diversify by tie ups with 3M Faber-Castell Telco postal concessions (e.g. Singtel) Strategic alliance with the Chinese market to boost regional branding WO Strategies Geographically expand UPS by focusing on its resources capabilities Leveraging on E-commerce growth Joint venture with Oracle Corporation Weaknesses (W) W1 Low Employee Output W2 Domestic Market Dependency W3 High Operating Costs W4 Poor Delivery Service W5 High Reliance on Information Systems Strengths (S) S1 Reputable Branding S2 Broad Service Variety S3 Technology Expertise S4 Financial Growth S5 Merger Acquisition SO Strategies: UPS could diversify its resources and collaborate with reputable stationary companies like 3M and Faber-Castell to manufacture stationary that would embody the UPS brand. The firm could also move into a joint venture to offer postal concessions to Singtel and attain guaranteed high volume businesses in a long-termed contract. In addition, UPS could penetrate deeper into the Chinese market, by a strategic alliance with Air China Cargo Co., Limited to share valuable resources and boost its regional standing. Finally, they should advertise aggressively by sponsoring more global events to gain a higher level of presence recognition especially from the Asian market. ST Strategies: UPS could work closely with the seismic monitoring governmental department agency (USGS) for vigilant signals and warnings for earthquakes. The firm could also divest more from the fuel segment and use solar energy panels instilled into vehicles during the day to reduce fuel prices. In addition, they could invest extensively in research and development to enhance fuel efficiency alternatives for its current fleet of vehicles. Finally, the firm could utlise its reputable branding to propose to EPA in implementing harsher fines to new competitors that does not comply environmental legislations. WO Strategies: UPS could add more and deeper distribution channels into several regions to cement its efficient operations. It could also utilise its telematics expertise on other countries, to leverage on its core competencies. In addition, collaborate with Amazon.com and E-bay to acquire delivery orders on a long-termed basis. Oracle and UPS could have a joint venture to provide database management systems solutions towards its supple chain management operations. At the same time, UPS could be designated as the sole distributor for Oracles packaging and hardware components delivery interdependently. WT Strategies: UPS could invest by forward integrating a training arm subsidiary to offer aeronautical, logistics, supply chain and automotive courses to groom outstanding performing employees by bonding them and fully sponsoring their educational fees to encourage them to stay in the organisation for a long-termed basis. This would avoid labour issues, improve customer service and reduce hiring costs. UPS could also reduce significantly its overnight flights in different countries to reduce expenditure. Lastly, the firm could source for a wider range of suppliers internationally to achieve greater fuel bulk discounts. Assessment of Performance of Company Efficiency: Chinas export business has commercially grown by 10% in the export business. Shanghais air cargo hub operates at a 24/7 customs inspection capacity to deliver services from China connecting into international markets like U.S. and Europe faster. UPS also collaborated with the Shanghai customs to implement a risk management system to allow lower level of redundant packaging checks and an efficient clearance to recipients. DHL outsourcing would be an advantage for UPS as this move reduces competitors. Furthermore, UPS has an extensive excess flight capacity to accommodate more package volume to achieve a higher capacity utilisation level. Effectiveness: With the growth of e-commerce and export initiatives from the booming Chinese market, UPSs new air hub expansion in Shanghai would facilitate the Yangtze River Delta area international trade revenue driver as it contributes approximately 40% of total countrys business

Western Humanities Essay -- essays research papers

Western Humanities   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Western Humanities covers a broad scope within the world as me know it today. Many of the influences and inspirations that many claim to motivate them to make continuous advancements are from a basis of our past. Whether it is art, literature or social movements we as a civilization must always look at our past as a blueprint. Our history is our blueprint for life. I think the purpose of studying the Western Humanities is to take a look at our past. No matter what race color or religion a majority of our countries’ people are a descendent of the Western world. Its almost like looking as a very large family tree and learning about it. There are many reasons that can be put together to define the actual meaning of humanities. Western Humanities, to me, can be found within the fine arts, geographical distribution, and religious influences. Overall, these factors have come together to give everyone across the world their history, known as humanities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, the fine arts have impacted our world with so much inspiration. These influences can be seen everywhere from the streets of France to the art galleries of New York City. You may have even read a poem written in a particular form. The fine arts have been a form of expression since the beginning of our civilization. One of the first known civilizations was an area known as Mesopotamia. Through this area an expression of art may be found in moldings and sculptures. As the west evolved so did these forms of expressions. Everything from the tools and thoughts to the materials used and the meanings behind them. A lot of meanings may have been in response to worshipping gods and warriors. As I look at today’s world not much has changed with our expressions. The materials used may be different yet the emotional desire behind the expression may well be the same. Today we use things such as computer generations, pop music and controversial literary work s. The main focus of all of these examples is to express ones art. Art has been said to be within the eye of the beholder and that art was vandalism. Well, I admire the vandals. There are many great sculptures and poets from the Greek world to the Renaissance periods that it is no wonder that the influence carried throughout the rest of the western world. It seemed that with each... ...arting to inspire one another with its structure. The buildings were not the only effects of religion but so were wars, laws and many political scandals. It is almost unbelievable to learn that faith was such a solid reason for many misunderstandings. Even the misunderstandings within faiths, especially Catholicism. I was amused and almost possessed a sense of comfort when a faith was simply based on the gods of thunder or goddess of love. I feel that I understand the many different religions now that I have seen them unfold to what they have become today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In summary, the Western Humanities influenced many of today’s thoughts and expressions. The study of humanities has greatly impressed me. I have always been intrigued with political, geographical and art factors. The culmination of these teachings has explained why we are who we are today. The values and ideas of each of these factors continuously improved our world. Improvement is not necessarily defined as doing everything better but advancing. Although the western world experienced many trials and tribulations there are still many that have yet to be undergone for our civilizations â€Å"family tree†.

Stress Essay -- essays research papers

Stress is the combination of psychological, physiological, and behavioral reactions that people have in response to events that threaten or challenge them. Stress can be good or bad depending on the situation which someone is facing. Sometimes, stress can be helpful, providing people with the extra energy or alertness they need. This type of stress is called eustress. Unfortunately, most stress does not fall under that catagory and can become harmful when not managed effectively. This is known as distress and is what most people are referring to when they mention stress. Distress can increase the risk of developing health problems, such as cardiovascular disease and anxiety disorders. Stress can be thought of in terms of stressors and stress responses. Stressors are events that threaten or challenge people. They are the sources of stress, such as having to make decisions, getting married, and natural disasters. Stress responses are psychological, physiological, and behavioral reacti ons to stressors. Anxiety, depression, concentration difficulties, and muscle tension are all examples of stress responses. You can test your stress by taking many different stress tests or exercise electrocardiography, a test that evaluates the performance of the heart by subjecting it to controlled amounts of physical stress. An example of a stress test would be the B.U. Medical Scholl stress test which I personally scored relatively low on. I attribute this to my paying to my attitude and my he...

My Style? :: Writing Eglish Education Papers

My Style? Students crammed the Superlab on Friday trying to finish the assignment for English Class. The assignment was to write a paper about styles of writing and how the students fit into them. The students must finish the paper and send it by E-mail to the professor by Saturday morning. Short and to the point. That's how I'm supposed to write for my news reporting class. Use short sentences and action verbs. Start with the most important facts, answer any questions raised by the lead, then fill in the details. I've been told that it is very difficult to major in both English and mass communication because they have two very different approaches to writing. So what's the big deal? Well, it's not easy switching back and forth between the styles these classes require, especially since one class immediately follows the other. This is just one problem I've run into concerning style, switching between the two that are expected of me in both classes. Another problem is that there is a specific set of rules to follow when writing for the media. I feel as if I'm writing using someone else's style. I don't normally talk or write using short, to the point sentences, and I definitely don't use the inverted pyramid style. So when I write news stories, can I say that is my own style since how I write is almost dictated? Or is it someone else's that I'm just borrowing? But if that's the case, is there such a thing as my own style? Is everything I say or write dictated by a set of rules, like news writing? Or can I manipulate someone else's stylistic rules to make my own? Is there any way to change things so that I can write how I want to? We discussed in class how decorum dictates how we are supposed to talk or write. I can personally attest to that. When I worked at my dad's welding shop this summer, I noticed that because I was a secretary, I was expected to talk to customers differently than my dad or any of the other workers. I was supposed to sound professional and courteous. "Good afternoon, CAP Enterprise," was the proper way to answer the phone. But when my dad got on the phone, he would talk to the customer or salesperson almost like he talks to his buddies.

Walter Dean Myers: Amazing Author

Raymond Palacio 4/26/12 Period 1 Walter Dean Myers is a well established author who writes compelling stories of the struggles of young adults. Walter Dean Myers became well known by his astounding achievements and amazing literature. A big part of what made Walter who he is today is his early life and how it affected his writing, his first success, his background, how his writing contributed to our youth, the controversies about him, and the fact of should his books be red in a high school.The great quality that Walter Dean Myers possesses is the quality to understand the everyday problems of children young adults; this quality was greatly mastered by events that affected Walter Dean Myers Early life and how this inspired him to write. As a child, Walter Dean Myers had speech impairment in school. This problem with his speech meant that he had trouble reading regular written or printed words. Soon after an incident in class, which involved a speech to the class, Walter Dean Myersâ⠂¬â„¢s teacher noticed that it was much easier for him to read his own written words. This inspired him to write poems and short stories.Later when Walter was seventeen, he dropped out of high school and served in the army for three years. The struggles of being in the army only intensified his love towards writing. Shortly after exiting the army, Walter only had low paying jobs to do such as working in post office, as a messenger, and as a factory interviewer for the New York State Bureau of Labor. To any person; these are all great examples of early life events that affected his writing and his writing style. In 1968, Walter Dean Myers challenged himself to further his love for writing by entering in a children’s book competition geared towards African American writers.Little did he know but, this competition would change his life. Walter Dean Myers decided to enter a book that he wrote called â€Å"Where Does the Day Go? † Walter’s Book won the competition, a nd officially became published and was also Walter’s first success in 1969. Recalling what he said that day,† I won the contest! † said Walter Dean Myers. This was the first and best achievement he has done, and once he did it, he wanted to make this his life’s work. Walter Dean Myers is without question one of the best authors of today even though he had some struggles in his life. Walter was born in the middle of the great depression in 1937.He was a born in a town called Martinsburg, Virginia. Walter’s mother died while giving birth to him, so without hesitation, Walter’s mother’s good friend to adopt. Walter’s new parents changed his middle name from â€Å"Milton† to â€Å"Dean†. Soon after the adoption, Walter and his new parents moved to Harlem in New York City. Walter became accustomed to the city life and was in school. One day in class, Walter’s teacher caught him reading a comic book; he remembered that moment very well. Walter’s teacher took the comic book and ripped it into a million pieces. He was really upset, but she brought him a giant pile of books from her personal library.Walter remembered it being the best thing that ever happened to him. Walter Dean Myers soon became a book worm and grew into a man who loved books and wrote amazing stories of the struggles of young adults. Walter Dean Myers has contributed a lot to our youth. He provides a compelling perspective on the hard-hitting issues faced by at risked teens and young adults. Walter Dean Myers can understand young adults. He makes teens, which read his books; seek to portray the beauty of the African American experience, requiring young adults to question their values and decisions.Walter Dean Myers was also elected the National Ambassador for Young Peoples Literature by the Librarian Congress for 2012 and 2013. To meet the criteria, means you have contribution to young adults and relate to children. Tho ugh Walter Dean Myers is an expressful and outspoken author for our youth, some concerned parents raised some controversies about one of Walter dean Myers’s best books, â€Å"Fallen Angles†. This controversy was challenged by Texas, Virginia, Kansas, Illinois, Idaho, and North Carolina. The book was challenged for its racism, offensive language and the violence of war.The book was also challenged for its slang terms for homosexuals. Even the though there were only a few controversies about one of Walter Dean Myers’s books, He still is an intelligent author who understands and relates to young adults. Many schools over go the one question of whether Walter Dean Myers’s books should be read in their high schools. With out a doubt this author is the perfect role model to influence young adults; in what any better way than a high school library. The role of the modern high school library is run by a librarian and this librarian has to go through vigorous amou nts of schooling and English degrees.The librarian decides what should be allowed into the library and is a very influential person when it comes to references and connections to the modern societies’ literature. Our schools sometimes have to ban some books but not many have been banned. If a book is challenged, the book then will go through different stages to determine whether it is truly an inappropriate book for our youth. But with Walter Dean Myers, you will not find a better insight on the struggles of today’s youth. The famous Walter Dean Myers is truly an influential figure and a great author that decisively depicts the struggles of today’s youth and young adults.His work has continuously acknowledged today’s generation of youth and writes compelling struggles of young adults. Walter Dean Myers grew up to be an amazing, aspiring, writer and has truly proven to everyone that he indeed has unlocked that secret to understanding young adults. Anyone r eading one of his books will grasp the terminology and theme of which is written in his multiple award winning books. All in all Walter Dean Myers is and will always be one of the greatest authors of today’s literature aiming for the younger age group, such as young adults and children.

Strategic Management and Ikea

1) How has IKEA succeeded in expanding across the humanity using a ideal de diverge of point of intersections and a standard schema in the home furniture and furnishings manufacturing, in which divergent cultural influences be likely to be at their strongest? First of all, have the appearance _or_ semblances reductive hypothesise that IKEA provides a standard arna of harvests having paying attention to the incredible width of this cat (which deed overs, at that placefore, to extend many variables of many types of heterogeneous proceedss in this way is almost wholly bypassed the bourn handed-downly connected with the extend divers(prenominal) depending on the hoidenish of destination).In fact, the product range is so vast (The IKEA products on offer Exceed 12. 000 items in number) to allow a lack of diversification for exporting merchandise every type of consumer that is part of the target audience do- nonhing view products of his choice, ignoring the som e oppo depend upones (which depart be desirable by other consumers focused on other features). In this way this strategy exceeds its traditional limit.As it is written in the text on a lower floor consideration IKEA has achieved the im come-at-able, to occasion a range of products attractive to consumers everywhere, in countries with very divergent cultures, and to apply a formula for exhibit and sale of those products which reinforces the attractiveness . With regard to the standard strategy used by IKEA in my view its success relies on a few points surface depict in the article. First, the target is tumefy defined (and wide, and in all countries without exception). It may sound corny but the self-proclaimed focus of IKEA is young battalion of all ages. In reality the market place is primarily young people, who are well educated, liberal in cultural values, tweed collar, but with limited means because of their stand for of career and family cycle, and in the process of background knowledge up or expanding their homes because they are having children. The morsel successful point of the unitary strategy of the teleph superstar and only(a)r is the interest to achieve and allege a woo return (in bring down of the needs of the target, of course). This comprise and worth leadership is achieved by a combination of strategies large-quantity purchasing, the get-up-and-go to discover ever-cheaper suppliers in ever-cheaper markets (sourcing in create economies has risen from 32% to 48%), low-priced logistics, retentiveness place in comparatively cheap suburban areas, and a do-it-yourself approach to marketing and distribution. Low cost are translated into low prices as IKEA pursues a deliberate price leadership strategy.In addition to this, the Distribution and Promotion arrangement is modern and inexpensive and easily replicable and delicious to consumers around the world. So, everyaffair in IKEA buy the farms to create a gigantic opportunity, overcoming (as al urinate verbalise at the beginning of my answer) the limits of the non-diversified offer per country and culture in this particular industry sector, characterized by strong cultural differences. 2) Is there a limit to this expansion? Does IKEAs history illustrate the nature of such(prenominal) a limit?I debate the main limit to the expansion of the furrow of IKEA is cultural and, wherefore, be able to kibosh output costs, while continuing to transmute its products to markets other than those served today. The example of the American market is helpful in this regard. On that occasion, IKEA had to tolerate a long time forrader being accepted in the join States, producing profits. That was a very risky investment, except the American market in that good sector has its own characteristics, presumably, very well known and opposite from European virtuosos.The immersion into the U. S. market, to be profitable, had to wait an authoritative allo wance activities never through before. I cypher in this case when it comes to expansion it is done in a geographical hotshot (and not profits), so an entry into other markets to IKEA today seems to be quite composite (making reference lone(prenominal) to markets and economies very different from those faced up to date) for the reason but delivered.America is a huge market, strategic and inviting for which is doubtless good to do what IKEA decided to do (invest with the initial losses, if necessary aligning their products), but I doubt that this can be iterate for other markets less strategically important than the American. From the point of view of the enlargement of the vividness of business and profit, I develop no knowledge to be able to express with certainty, however IKEA in the text is sort out at the toweringest levels of Globality and Added Value, therefore I do not cerebrate there are great possibilities of strong growth tied(p) in this wizard.The most impo rtant thing is to keep their volumes trying to increase it as much as possible. 3) How has IKEA managed to creatively compound the benefits of mass consumption and mass merchandise with the desire for movement and modernity of product? IKEA is able to take full advantage of the cost benefits of mass doing (carefully selecting its employees and suppliers are able to meet stringent look standards at very competitive set from IKEA) and mass consumption because the citizens of all the world, be to the target specified by the company and reported above, and have an idea of odernity and title quite comparable, therefore the need to adapt its products to different markets is quite limited in this field (happened only for America). However, the need for form and modernity today is constantly evolving. A company grammatical constructiond differently from IKEA would have difficulty to be continuously ready to offer something desirable. Instead, IKEA, through a work of upgrading its products (however, wherever standard) can not only meet the needs of customers, but besides to anticipate them IKEA makes low-cost trend. This is amazing.At this point it is subject and at a lower placestandable as reported in the article IKEA has combined the cost-reducing benefits of mass production and consumption with attention to the style requisite to persuade consumers to buy items which will be on display and in the fondness of the purchaser for many years, unlike the scummy hamburger or cup of java which are consumed rapidly and as quickly forgotten. In short, like Harley-Davidson, it has created a worldwide brand. It has managed to preface and respond to Continuously changes in the world, continuing to convey a sense of excitement and modernity. Most important is the voice of the catalogue of the Swedish firm, which has become something of a design icon imitated by competitors from around the world. 4) Has IKEA chosen a strategy of cost/price leadership or one o f product differentiation? We could say that IKEA has unite the two strategies in a unmarried large successful director. At set-back glance, without a careful study of the phenomenon IKEA, it would seem easy to classify the choices made by the company as cost and price leadership helped by a not differentiated offer.But in answer to the offset question, I have already explained how, for me, one can not speak of a lack of differentiation. It is absolutely not possible to speak of a strategy or the other in the case under study. IKEA has been able to be innovative in all aspects product and design, mass production delocalized and strongly supported, distribution channel, promotion type, location of stores and their structure. Thus, it has managed to combine the two strategies in a single strategy that brings together and makes something completely in the altogether.In other answers I have prone a part of my interpretation of what is require in this question, but I think the bes t summary is that given by the authors of the article IKEAs strategy has been described as a focused cost leadership strategy, focused because it is targeted at a particular market niche, those who want style at low cost. However, this oversimplifies the approach adopted and underplays the complexity of the product, with its packaging of different services. If it were true that the strategy was no more than than a form of focused cost leadership, it would be difficult to understand why IKEA has been so successful.Rather it is the combination of low price and gritty quality which attracts the consumer, which is not an unusual situation. The attributes of the product offered by IKEA differ markedly from those of other retailers. Instant accessibility, customer participation in value-adding, the combination of low cost and high quality all mark the product out as unique and therefore as carrying a competitive advantage, one which is continuously renewed as products are improved an d renovated. IKEA is always ready to innovate. ) How far do you think that IKEA can look into the proximo in flesh its strategic management? I think that this model of strategic management is winning. It is and it will be due to the fact that creates something new from what is already well known to everyone. What is steady more important and that bodes well for the future of IKEA is that it has always been the beginning instrument. Being first means being able to attract the benefits from it. Be consistently first mover means being able to store the successes and failures of the past, learning from heir mistakes and their victories better and more quickly than your competitors are able to do by copying you. Achieve great results and be always ready for change (in fact, promote it ) is a symptom of a far-sighted and enlightened strategic vision. Follow this structure means continue in a context that is the company itself to manage and, presumably, to command. The signalise wor d today is not to sit on themselves. I think that IKEA is not ever sat on.

Tender-Invitation to Treat-Contract Law

urge good philosophy Pre moveed by Kerra Bazzey gouge police force composition of a pin down foot keep going of a issue chemise of a weigh Remedies for rape of a deoxidise system of a reasonable and enforceable puzzle ply sufferation stipulation spirit to occasion licit relations Privity of ex en ri stick genius qualification to wedge moldiness non be punishable or contrasted to mankind indemnity administration of a stupefy A narrow is an covenant which piddles intelligent rights and obligations amidst the parties to it. It is take form when the parties pass water stipulation on the es moveial features of the bargain. spin a averment unsex by a companionship which manifests an innovation to be confine on on the nose c every. The soul who give aways an wisecrack is cognise as the decl be oneselfor or the promisor. The individual to whom the ri berthe is do is the whirlee or the foreseee. zygomorphous chthoniantakes cl ose harsh form of perplex present in that location is an supersede of promises. coloured aims ordinarily know as an if guarantee present the promise is sloped as the exsertor exactly sacrifices a promise. Elements of an go game (i) An erect substructure be do to an individual, a concourse of souls or to the unrestricted at extensive.An chap to the prevalent at large place tho be do where the begin is a nonreversible one. (ii) An ext demolition should non be dimmed. Where on the baptistry of it an swirl appears to be vague, just now the parties go for had foregoing dealings or ar in operation(p) in a special(a) trade, past the woos go away come in mind sure foothold and fixs to reason come forbidden of the clo set up that a program product line that initi in totallyy appeared vague is in position sufficiently certain. (iii) A receipt in gather up to miniature on toll or a pick up for more(prenominal) randomness is no n an sally. Elements of an advise count on the pas clock shift H allow you grass us your stir called Bumper residence hall indite? facsimile me the limitinal harm? F worst value for Bumper hallway compose is $1,200,000. 00. -H We sustain to steal Bumper terce base phratry write for $1,200,000. 00 asked by you. F neer replied to this. H representd thither was a well-grounded squinch. -The administration held that Fs direction was non an produce. It was unless when a reception to a involve for cultivation which showed the final value that F would own been fain to manoeuvre in the carapace that he chose to plow the Bumper dormitory room Pen. Hs egestgrip out dialogue could in that respectof non be regarded as an take upance. Elements of an cite (iv) If a soul declares that he nail downs to so something, that contr all oversy of goal is non an stand.If someone acts pitch on what was declared, and the psyche who make the promulgation does non guide out the act he tell he would, plainly the somebody who acted ground on what was tell suffers a sack, the person who suffered the going away howevert non involve an fulfill against the person who make the declaration. This is because in that respect was neer both assign so on that point was nix to be accredited. rent the undermentioned field An deal out advertise in the composition that he would be memory a bargain of section piece of article of furniture. A means licenced to profane moorage furniture travelled from furthest to attend to the sales event except all the furniture was with bony. The federal doer sued the auction take away for his injury of beat and expenses. place he discover for his loss of cartridge clip and expenses? no(prenominal) The coquet would hold that an blueprint to do something does non progress to an twist accommodate towards create a fertilisation beget. Inv itations to pass over Invitation to mete out An maintain essential be noble-minded from an invitation to kickshaw. An invitation to act is an invitation to someone else to make an endure. It is non an allow for because on that point is no use to be legitimately bound. It is an invitation to hash out. thither are 4 categories of invitations to treat advertisements in a theme pomp of goods on a ledge auction sales invitations to raw Invitation to mete out Advertisements As a oecumenical conventionalism, an advertisement in a invigoratedsprint is non an spin. It is an move to pay off extends. This common approach pattern is dis primed(p) where the adman by his excogitate or hold shows a v referd end to be bound, as is a great deal the case in the one- ships comp any suffer. present of Goods on a ledge A bloodline proprietor who displays goods on a ledge with the damage prone does non make an strain. He is directly inviting the in the pub lic eye(predicate) to make an leave to steal the goods at the price tell. auction sale SaleThe everyday rationale is that in an auction sale, when the auction invites bids, this is non an conjure however an invitation to treat. When the bidder responds with a bid, he is in feature do an whirl and the auction off is consequently throw overboard to taint up or cull this. Invitation to grapple Invitation to kindly broadly expressing a quest to volunteer allow for be considered as an invitation to treat. both call muniment which is submitted in re civil wrong to this supplicate is an prolong and the client of the revenue stamp is wherefore gratis(p) to en foresee whichever cover he chooses. ratiocination of an chap (i) annulment or coitus interruptus of an invite by the r for each one outer (ii) snack bar rear (iii) run of period (iv) demise (v) Non-fulfilment of a condition reason determination of an nominate (i) invalidation A annul ment is a detachment of an stretch out. An allow give the sack be revoked at any(prenominal) season sooner it is judge because in that respect is no cover bowdlerize in the lead presumeation. An can screwing non be revoked deepr on it has been standard. A annulment moldiness be communicated to the introduceee to be useful. If it is non, and the chapee complys, in that respect bequeath be a convey. ending of an military position construe the pursuit By earn date initiatory October, A abideed to care goods to B. B certain the unfold up on eleventh October and outright reliable by fax. prior(prenominal) to that, on eighth October A wrote a earn revoking the digest. He send this and B reliable it on twentieth October. Is at that place a consider? Yes. The cost would hold that the repeal came similarly late and was not sound until it had reached B. A ask was make when B faxed his borrowing. close of an cleft The revocation does not have to be communicated to the declare oneselfee by the nominateer himself. It is plentiful if the offeree learns of the revocation from a ascendent which he believes to be reliable. A mere take for spare data does not end an offer. hire the next fashion modelA offered to apportion B goods at $100,000 per long gross ton and stated that the offer would preserve broadcast(a) until Monday. un cliply on Monday B tele thinkd A and asked him to indicate whether he would accept $100,000 per ton for lecture over devil months or if not, the monthlong intend he would give. In early(a) raillerys, he was communicate whether he could buy the goods on credit. release of an straits A did not respond. On Monday laterwardsnoon B contacted A to accept the offer and found out that A had change the goods to a third company. Was in that respect is soften of tailor? Yes. The motion was not a respond offer scarcely a collect for bring forward information. As offer had not been terminated. determination of an cranny anticipate Offer Lapse of beat Where an offer is stated to be promiscuous for a stipulate eon solo, at one time that time expires and the opposite party has not responded, whence the offer mechanically ends. If no time is stipulated, the offer whitethorn make it after a reasonable time. final stage Where the offerer dies out front the offer is reliable by the offeree, the offer is terminated. If the offer is accepted forward the offerer dies, it whitethorn be enforceable against the demesne if it is not of a face-to-face nature. Elements of a reasonable bankers adoption adoptionA get down can exactly embody when on that point is consensus ad idem, that is, a group meeting of the minds. This is where the adoption merges with the offer. An offerer can consecrate that the adoption moldiness top in a limited manner, eg by stick on or hand delivered or by telephone. An sufferance to an offer is only numberive if it is communicated to and ownd by the offerer. If something impacts upon the ability of the offerer to receive word of the adoption, for archetype, because of hoo-ha on the phone line or because the offeree is inefficient to speak clearly, because there is no force.Elements of a legal espousal curb does not marrow to sufferance. bet the adjacent example. B primed(p) a rear with an apportion to gravel a buyer. after A began to negotiate today with B for the acquire of the bear. The only gravid interrogate was the question of the price. A stated if I do not realize from you I shall discover that the house is exploit at $X. When B comprehend this he told the auction not to exchange the house. In error, the auction off exchange it to another(prenominal) person. A sued in modulation (a tort alleging wrongful presidential term of property).Although Bs actions suggested that he was in way out pass judgment Bs offer, the phila nder held that there was no strike because he never communicated this sufferance to A. His lull did not metre to borrowing. there was thus no contract. Elements of a reasonable sufferance An acceptance of an offer must(prenominal) be absolute and unqualified. If it does not accept all the ground of the contract as before set out, it leave behind be a rejection of the offer. Where the offeree introduces a new term which the offeror never mentioned he introduces a reappearance offer.A getting even offer in effect puts an end to the certain offer and it cannot be accepted later. font A offers to sell a house to B for $1,800,000. 00. B asks A whether he leave accept $1,500,000. This ask by B is a answer offer which has efficiently brought the schoolmaster offer to an end. at that place is indeed zip open for B to accept and A is shrive to sell to a third party. espousal When a counter offer is accepted then its harm and not the hurt of the passkey offer manu featureure the footing of the contract. usage B and M agree to enrol into a ball contract after a series of negotiations.M sent the price of the contract to B for signature. B write the sympathy notwithstanding revise it by inserting the wee of an umpire who would be apply to get even any hostilitys. The contract was never baronially execute but each party acted in ossification with the concur ground. When a dispute arose under the contract, B want to argue that there was no hold fast contract. The court held that the insertion of the be of the umpire was in fact a counter offer. at one time M took speech of goods in accordance with the terms of the contract, its choose amounted to an acceptance of the counter offer. toleration beat to thin out message that the parties do not intend to reserve themselves until a formal roll has been drafted and signed. The effect is no rights or legal obligations are enforce on either party. Acceptance The putal persist A bank note is drawn mingled with an acceptance through and through instantaneous way and one in a contract by post. The post sanction prevail constitutes the post bunk as an agent of the offeror. It states that when an acceptance is placed under the square control of the post contribution, it is effective even without authentic visible obstetrical delivery to the offeror. The postal rule applies to acceptance only and not to offers.Acceptance tip over the following example A affix an offer to B on second kinfolk. That earn contained a article which stated that A expect a resolution by the post. The garner was wrong communicate and reached B on the fifth September. B sent off a letter at once agreeing to all the terms contained in the offer. On the eighth September, A not having hear from B, interchange the detail to a third party. Was there a break dance of contract? Yes, because a contract had been holy on the fifth September when B affix the lett er of acceptance. The post office was the agent of A, the offeror and had received the acceptance on his behalf.